Passive Subjunctive Translations for Newbies

INTERMEDIATE LATIN---

Here is a chart that I have compiled beased on a single verb. We will qualify and expand our translations of the subjunctive once we get deeper into subordinate clauses. Hang in there! We will soon reach a comfortable cruising altitude, and then you can unbuckle.

EM.

Present Passive Subjunctive Translations (in independent/main clauses)

Expressing the Possible, the Wishful, the Hortatory

Cessare To delay

cesser I may be delayed/may I be delayed/ let me be delayed
cesseris you may be delayed/may you be delayed/ let you be delayed
cessetur He may be delayed/may he be delayed/ let him be delayed
cessemur We may be delayed/may we be delayed/ let us be delayed
cessemini You all may be delayed/may you all be delayed/ let you all be delayed
cessentur They all may be delayed/may they all be delayed/ let them all be delayed

Imperfect Passive Subjunctive Translations (in independent/main clauses)

Expressing the possible

Cessare To delay

cessarer I might be delayed
cessareris you might be delayed
cessaretur He might be delayed
cessaremur We might be delayed
cessaremini You all might be delayed
cessarentur They all might be delayed


Perfect Passive Subjunctive Translations (in independent/main clauses)

Expressing the Possible

Cessare To delay

Cessatus sim I may have been delayed (this morning)
Cessatus sis you may have been delayed
Cessatus sit He may have been delayed
Cessati simus We may have been delayed
Cessati sitis You all may have been delayed
Cessati sint They all may have been delayed

Perfect Passive Subjunctive Translations (in independent/main clauses)

Expressing the possible


Cessare To delay

Cessatus essem I might have been delayed (yesterday)
Cessatus esses you might have been delayed
Cessatus esset He might have been delayed
Cessati essemus We might have been delayed
Cessati essetis You all might have been delayed
Cessati essent They all might have been delayed

These translations work only in independent/main clauses. In subordinate clauses, the subjunctive (to subjugate) does not translate in English because it simply follows the context of the main clause and the verb that sets up the sequence of tenses.

Te mane excito, ne cesseris.
Te mane excitavi, ne cessareris. [Purpose]

Tibi impero ut cesseris.
Tibi imperavi ut cessareris. [Indirect command]

Cum cessatus esset, non venit nobiscum. [cum clause = circumstantial or causal]